Definition of polycystic kidney

Definition of polycystic kidney

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. When cysts form in the kidneys, they are filled with fluid. PKD cysts can profoundly enlarge the kidneys while replacing much of the normal structure, resulting in reduced kidney function and leading to kidney failure. PKD is the most common inherited kidney disease, affecting an estimated 12.5 million worldwide. 1 in 10 people under 65 on dialysis has it, and 1 in 8 with a kidney transplant has it.
Types of polycystic kidney

● Autosomal dominant PKD is the most common inherited form. Symptoms usually develop between the ages of 30 and 40, but they can begin earlier, even in childhood. About 90 percent of all PKD cases are autosomal dominant PKD. Autosomal dominant PKD is the most common inherited disorder of the kidneys. The phrase "autosomal dominant" means that if one parent has the disease, there is a 50 percent chance that the disease gene will pass to a child. In some cases-perhaps 10 percent-autosomal dominant PKD occurs spontaneously in patients. In these cases, neither of the parents carries a copy of the disease gene.

● Autosomal recessive PKD is a rare inherited form. It appears in infancy or childhood. This form is much less common than autosomal dominant PKS, but it tends to be very serious and gets worse quickly. It can cause serious lung and liver disease, end-stage kidney disease, and it usually causes death in infancy or childhood.

Direct reason for polycystic kidney

Phenotypic cells turn into the cyst wall skin cells, constantly in secretory fluids, makes the cyst growing thus forming the polycystic kidney. A family history of PKD increases your risk for the condition. As many as half people with PKD have cysts on the liver. The typical characteristics of the disease is has a tendency to familial aggregation.

Complications

● Anemia

● Bleeding or rupture of cysts

● Chronic kidney disease
● End-stage kidney disease

● High blood pressure

● Infection of liver cysts

● Kidney stones

● Liver failure (mild to severe)

● Repeated urinary tract infections

A person with polycystic kidney disease will experience symptoms as a result of the damage caused by cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that develop in the kidneys. The signs and symptoms of polycystic kidney disease will vary based on the type of the condition a person has. Many people live with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease for several decades before symptoms develop. Here are several symptoms of polycystic kidney disease.

●High Blood Pressure
The most common symptom of polycystic kidney disease is high blood pressure. In many cases, a diagnosis of high blood pressure can lead to the discovery that a person has PKD. Because high blood pressure can lead to kidney damage, it is important to treat the condition and bring blood pressure into a healthy range.

● Pain

Some people with PKD also many notice that their abdomen is larger than it once was.

Abdominal pain or tenderness

Flank pain on one or both sides

Joint pain.

These symptoms develop because the kidneys become larger due to the presence of the cysts.

● Urinary Symptoms

Polycystic kidney disease can lead to frequent or recurrent urinary tract or kidney infections. The symptoms are easy to find associated with urine.